COMPERATIVE STUDY TO DETERMINE THE BEST DIANOSTIC IMAGE MODALITY IN Essay

COMPERATIVE STUDY TO DETERMINE THE BEST DIANOSTIC IMAGE MODALITY IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD) - Essay Example Like pathology in the coronary veins, the pathologic sign of the injuries includes plaques of atherosclerosis with calcium testimony, diminishing of the media, inconsistent obliteration of muscle and versatile strands, fracture of the inner flexible lamina, and thrombi made out of platelets and fibrin (Duerschmied et al., 2006, 310-315). As indicated by insights depicted in various articles, the essential destinations of contribution are the stomach aorta and iliac conduits containing 30% of suggestive patients; the femoral and popliteal courses comprising of 80 to 90% of patients, and the more distal vessels, including the tibial and peroneal corridors making 40 to half of patients (McDermott, 2006, S2). Precisely and geologically, atherosclerotic injuries happen specially at blood vessel branch focuses, which are destinations of expanded choppiness prompting modified shear pressure, and subsequently injury to the tunica intima. Epidemiologic and segment information propose that the distal vasculature is most regularly engaged with older people, generally in patients with diabetes mellitus (Marso and Hiatt, 2006, 921-929). The history and physical assessment are typically adequate to set up the analysis of fringe blood vessel illness (PAD). A target appraisal of the seriousness of illness is gotten by noninvasive strategies. These incorporate computerized beat volume accounts; Doppler stream speed waveform investigation; duplex ultrasonography, which consolidates B-mode imaging and heartbeat wave Doppler assessment; segmental weight estimations; transcutaneous oximetry; stress testing, as a rule utilizing a treadmill; and trial of responsive hyperemia (Mohler, III, 2003, 2306-2314). Within the sight of critical PAD, the volume uprooting in the leg is diminished with each heartbeat, and the Doppler speed shape turns out to be logically compliment. Duplex ultrasonography is frequently helpful in recognizing stenotic injuries in local

Parts Emporium Case Study Research Essay Example For Students

Parts Emporium Case Study Research Essay Parts Emporium has connected with Sue Mackey as materials supervisor for the many. She as of late moved on from an unmistakable business college. As she is being given the undertaking of dealing with the organizations stock, she is disturbed that total data isn't accessible and she chooses to arbitrarily choose a little example of roughly 100 things and gather stock and client assistance attributes to figure out all out picture. From the aftereffect of this test, it appears that the stock is in all an inappropriate spots. Albeit a normal of roughly 60 days of stock is available, the organizations client care is insufficient. Parts Emporium attempts to raincheck the client request to promptly filled from stock, however around 10 percent of interest is being lost to contending distributorship. Since picnics are exorbitant, comparative with stock holding costs, Mackey accepts that a cycle-administration level of in any event ought to be accomplished. Sue Mackey realizes that her impact to start changes will be restricted so she chooses to focus on 2 items from broad product offering: the GAUGE exhaust gasket and the 08032 drive belt.

The Swim Test Saga

The Swim Test Saga Youre a first-semester senior and this is what Section 2 of your Undergraduate Degree Audit looks like: This is a very lonely situation, because the vast majority of your peers passed the swim test as fresh-off-the-boat/plane/car freshmen. (During freshman orientation week, new MIT arrivals swim four laps (100 yards) in droves, and receive a free t-shirt as a reward for not drowning. If drowning seems plausible, an individual can opt to take an introductory swimming class instead.) When you arrived, drowning was highly plausible,  not because you didnt know how to swim but because your ankle was badly sprained and a small bone in your foot was broken. Courtesy of a brutal Ultimate Frisbee injury, you spent the first two weeks at MIT hobbling around on crutches, and didnt get to take the swim test with your friends. :( And now its December, sub-zero (Celsius) outside, and it occurs to you that breaking your leg could actually prevent you from graduating. You do a quick calculation, and realize that you have had an average of one serious leg/foot/ankle injury per academic year at MIT. Freshman year: that Ultimate Frisbee incident. Sophomore year: the incident with the wheelie chair and the ramp, which landed you in an x-ray facility at Mount Auburn Hospital. Junior year: the incident on the New House 5 staircase, which landed you in an ambulance and MIT Medical. You were on crutches for weeks, thanks to a broken big toe. Senior year: ??? Uh oh. Visions of watching your friends receive their diplomas while you weep in the audience flash through your mind. You have pistol class in a few minutes (for those last two PE Points!) and the swimming pool is right near the range*, so you put on a swimsuit and head on over. *Theyre separated by lots of wall, dont worry. Its 2pm. Goggles on your forehead, you approach a lifeguard and announce that you are here to take the swim test. She looks at you skeptically. Its only offered at 8am and 8pm, she says. You say that you saw on the website that its possible to arrange to take the test at a different time. Try going to the swim office, she says, waving her hand vaguely in the direction of a solid wall. Okay. You retreat to the locker room, look up the swim office number, and walk over barefoot. Knock, knock. Swim office lady: Hello? Me: Hi. Id like to take the swim test, and I was wondering if I can arrange to take it now since theres a lifeguard free. Swim office lady: Um. I dont know anything about that, sorry. And the guy who does is in a meeting. Me: Do you know when the meeting will be over? Swim office lady: I dont know anything about it, sorry. Me: Okay. Swim office lady: You can leave a note for him and Ill get him to e-mail you. Me (thinking that seems unlikely): Okay. You write your name and e-mail address down, wait around for ten minutes, then sheepishly walk home. * * * Six Hours Later * * * You return, except now its MANY MORE degrees below freezing. Clothes in locker, goggles on forehead, find lifeguard. Lifeguard #1: You need your ID card. Back to locker room, retrieve ID card, past Lifeguard #1 who seems busy, find Lifeguard #2. Lifeguard #2: Okay, lets find a lane. There are no empty lanes. Lifeguard #2 stops a random man at the end of his lap. Can we share this lane with you? Theres a student who needs to take the swim test. He says sure, then awkwardly starts zigzagging, presumably because hes not sure which half of the lane you want. Lifeguard #2: Okay, you have to jump in, then swim four laps continuously. You must swim the first three laps on your stomach, but the last one can be on your back if youd like. Me: Okay. (Thinking JUMP? Like, jump far? Or just hop? Or step? What if I land on the other swimmer? Also, why would anybody opt to swim the last lap backstroke?) You jump and start with freestyle. At the end of the second lap, you remember that freestyle is kind of tiring and switch to breaststroke. Four laps isnt too bad. Me: Okay, all done. Lifeguard #2: Great! As you walk out, you pass Lifeguard #1. He says piece of cake, right? and for some reason that makes you realize that you forgot to bring a change of clothes. NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO! You stick your head under the hairdryer for a couple of minutes, then walk back to your dorm commando so that your swimsuit doesnt freeze solid to your skin. Congratulations! You passed the swim test. Four laps (and zero displacement) closer to graduation.

A Snow Squall And The Great Depression - 1634 Words

A snow squall had taken the general population of America prisoner, wrecking homes, organizations, and thoughts. It was not the Dust Bowl but rather the gigantic risk that was the Great Depression. Humorously the wealthy who had impacted the Depression were not influenced as cruelly as the white collar class working individuals of America. This was predominantly in light of the fact that the rich has so much influence and impact that they made their specialists poor, essentially making them work longer hours for even less pay. This marvel is additionally called the divergence between the rich and poor people. The American Dream had been foiled in only a day, Black Tuesday (October 24, 1929) and the busload of moderate presidents with their†¦show more content†¦However, was the harm excessively extraordinary in number for the American individuals to get back on their feet? What it took was a president that was overcome enough to bring out another dynamic period known as his N ew Deal. The Great Depression s impact on America s social fabric was extreme with an expansion in unemployment rates, monetary homestead misfortunes, demolition of families, and a change from free enterprise governmental issues. While, the impact on America s social fabric was absolutely hindering to society, the improvement of the part of the administration genuinely changed America, the legislature could help the general population and direct organizations, Franklin Delano Roosevelt thought of the New Deal and introduced numerous projects, for example, the Social Security Act, the WPA, and the Federal Exchange Act to help the general population. This paper will offer us some assistance with discovering the course of events and circumstances, and fundamentally how the part of government changed from the administration of Herbert Hoover to previous president Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The years consequent to the thundering twenties, the country was finished with its social unrest and was prepared to evade yet another trap. Fantastic to America s history amid the Great Depression, 25% of the country s populace was unemployed. Not at all like different years the lower class couldn t be rebuked for their unemployment because of apathy, but

Islam and Euthanasia Essay - 1205 Words

Islam has definite views on euthanasia, and this essay will bring to the fore all of the main beliefs relevant to the issue of euthanasia/assisted suicide. Islam spells things out quite plainly, with enough similes to clarify every point in the system of beliefs. The sanctity of human life is a basic value as decreed by God even before the times of Moses, Jesus and Mohammad. Commenting on the killing of Abel by his brother Caine (the two sons of Adam), God says in the Quran: On that account We ordained for the children of Israel that if anyone slay a person -unless it be for murder or spreading mischief in the land- it would be as if he slew the whole people. And if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of†¦show more content†¦the exceptions to the general rule of sanctity of human life), and they do not include mercy killing or make allowance for it. Human life per se is a value to be respected unconditionally, irrespective of other circumstances. The concept of a life not worthy of living does not exist in Islam. Justification of taking life to escape suffering is not acceptable in Islam. Prophet Mohammad taught: There was a man in older times who had an infliction that taxed his patience, so he took a knife, cut his wrist and bled to death. Upon this God said: My subject hastened his end, I deny him paradise. During one of the military campaigns one of the Muslims was killed and the companions of the prophet kept praising his gallantry and efficiency in fighting, but, to their surprise, the Prophet commented, His lot is hell. Upon inquiry, the companions found out that the man had been seriously injured so he supported the handle of his sword on the ground and plunged his chest onto its tip, committing suicide. The Islamic Code of Medical Ethics endorsed by the First International Conference on Islamic Medicine (Islamic) includes: Mercy killing, like suicide, finds no support except in the atheistic way of thinking that believes that our life on this earth is followed by void. The claim of killingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Comparing Islam and Judaisms Views on Euthanasia1815 Words   |  8 PagesComparing Islam and Judaisms Views on Euthanasia Euthanasia gained a legal foothold in Holland. It went to the ballot box in two states in America but was defeated. Its lobby is getting more active. Islam and Judaism have definite views on euthanasia. The principle regarding the sanctity of human life implies that human life is immeasurable, that there is no difference between a healthy person and a physically or mentally impaired person. Likewise, the life expectancyRead MoreThe Islamic Ethical Principles Of Euthanasia Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesHOW DOES ISLAM RESPOND TO EUTHANASIA? INTRODUCTION The objective of my inquiry is to find and investigate the Islamic ethical principles of the act of euthanasia, to see how Islam responds to euthanasia. The Islamic ethical principles that this investigation addresses includes the sanctity of human life and how only Allah has the right to decide the length of our lives, in relation to evidence given by the authentic Islamic sources of Quran, Hadith (sayings of the Prophet [Peace and Blessings ofRead MoreEuthanasia For Animals Essays861 Words   |  4 Pages Euthanasia One of the most widely debated topics in the animal industry is euthanasia. The topic of euthanasia causes arguments around the world because the word takes the best of the emotional side of human nature causing the people against euthanasia to feel that it is inhumane, unfair, and a sin to euthanize animals for any reason. In a way these emotional feelings overcome the human mind thus stop them from thinking logically. Even though the word euthanasia can have several meanings throughoutRead MoreReligion s Terms Of Social And Cultural Issues1575 Words   |  7 Pages Religion In Terms Of Social and Cultural Issues in the UK Case Study: Christianity and Islam Outline I. Introduction A. Brief description of Christianity B. Brief Description of Islam II. Social Issues with Christianity A. Abortion B. Bioethics C. Euthanasia D. Fostering E. Family and marriage F. Education III. Social Issues with Islam A. Drinking B. Marriage with Non-Muslims C. Poverty D. Education IV. Cultural Issues with Christianity A. Losing their ChristianRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized1181 Words   |  5 Pagesunbearable, but do you know what’s worse? Knowing that you’ll eventually die, but still enduring the pain because it would be illegal to kill you. A survey taken in the United States has shown that 54% agree to physician assisted suicide or euthanasia. Euthanasia preserves rights of an individual, brings an end to the pain, and provides death with dignity. Even though others may disagree and say that its religiously incorrect, physician assisted suicide should be legalized. In the United StatesRead MoreEuthanasi Assisted Suicide And It769 Words   |  4 Pagesis discussing her opinion about euthanasia. Euthanasia is also known as physician-assisted suicide and it is clearly is exactly what it is explained. A physician or a doctor gives lethal dose of medication until the patient passes away. Just as the quotation described it people have their beliefs on what is the right way to die and this is why this topic can be considered very controversial because it is an assisted suicide. The people who are against euthanasia believe that it is inhumane and itRead MoreThe Cultural Issues Of Christianity863 Words   |  4 Pagesthe UK government plan to secularize the country is resulting in reducing Christianity in the UK. For Islam, there are cultural issues such as the religion being associated with terrorism and Muslims find this as associative discrimination Carter-Esdale (2015). This is because there are extreme groups that conducted terrorist attacks in the various nations claiming that they are defending Islam. In the UK, there are some Muslims that feel that it is harder to socially integrate into society as someRead MoreEuthanasias Place in a Civilized Society Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesSociety Euthanasia beyond any doubt does not have a place in our civilised society. It is undoubtedly murder and people who are severely disabled or terminally ill should unquestionably still die naturally. Euthanasia is the act of causing somebody to die gently and without pain. there are two types of euthanasia. One is active euthanasia which involves a lethal injection given to someone who is severely disabled or terminally ill. The other is passive euthanasia which Read MoreThe Social And Cultural Issues Of The Two Mainstream Religions, Christian And Islam1740 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the social and cultural issues of the two mainstream religions, Christian and Islam specifically in the UK. In advance of discussing these issues, the two mainstream religions need to be described briefly. According to (source, year), Christianity is religion that is a form of Abrahamic monotheism which is on the basis on the life and experiences of Jesus Christ and this is shown in the New Testament. Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world with more thanRead MoreThe Conflict of Religion and Euthanasia Essay examples819 Words   |  4 PagesThe Conflict of Religion and Euthanasia There are a number of reasons why religious believers would be concerned regarding assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. The Church’s belief concerning this matter is that if G-d has given the gift of life then it should be â€Å"revered and cherished†. As far as the Church is concerned, the deliberate taking of human life should be prohibited, except in self-defence

The Dominican Republic’s Expression Free Essays

Abstract Merengue is the national music and dance of the Dominican Republic. Both tourists and locals enjoy partying to the sound of the merengue inside the bars and outside in the streets. Two major festivals with a merengue theme are celebrated in a year. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dominican Republic’s Expression or any similar topic only for you Order Now This depicts the merengue as a critical part of the lives of the Dominicans. Merengue was even able to reach out overseas and be accepted by other countries like the USA and Puerto Rico. However, merengue had gone through a lot of trials before it got its distinction. It was initially rejected by the Dominicans because of its link to African music and because of its vulgar lyrics and taboo subjects. Widespread acceptance occurred only when the Americans came and became a cultural threat and when the dictator Rafael Trujillo declared the merengue as the national symbol. Since then, armed with its traditional instruments, the merengue became the soundtrack of the lives of the Dominicans. Merengue: The Dominican Republic’s Expression I.Introduction II.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merengue History III. Merengue Instruments IV. Merengue Music V.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merengue Dance VI. Conclusion Merengue: The Dominican Republic’s Expression People say that music is the universal language of mankind. However, in the case of the people of the Dominican Republic, it is not just a language; it is an expression and a way of life. Walking through their streets, one would notice that music coming from houses, vehicles, stores and restaurants serves as the country’s soundtrack. And soon after sunset, the air would be filled with life from the pulsing beats from the clubs that invites both locals and tourists to their dance floors. For the Dominicans, dancing is a practiced art and it is a pleasure for them to share their native dances to those willing to learn (Dominican Republic, 2005 and Hispaniola, 2008). Merengue is Dominican Republic’s most popular music and dance and is considered as the country’s national dance. The sound of the merengue is a combination of European, African and Eastern Cuban elements. It has a signature beat pattern that easily identifies it and requires the dancers to swing their hips in quick but fluid motion (Hispaniola, 2008). The Dominicans celebrate two merengue festivals, namely, the Santo Domingo Merengue Festival which is a seaside musical festival and the Puerto Plata Merengue Festival which is a festival in outdoor bars and in streets (Dominican Republic, 2005). The arrival of the merengue to the American soils was attributed to the Dominican immigrants to the country. And merengue became a worldwide phenomenon due to the increasing number of countries accepting it. It was even able to outsell salsa in the Latin America. This is the reason why I chose to write on the topic; I want to explore merengue to know why it has become a worldwide trend. Merengue History The roots of merengue are quite unclear and several theories are proposed. One theory is that a soldier, Tomas Torres, developed the music after the Dominican’s victory at the Talanquera battle. Another theory is that it came from upa, a Cuban music, wherein one part was called merengue (Tambora y Gà ¼ira, 1995). Even the roots of the name are still uncertain. Some say that the name came from the Haitian mereng, which developed from the music of the African slaves. Some even say that it came from the way the merengue was danced, such that the swirling and rapid crisscrossing steps reminded them of the beating of the eggs in making the meringue dessert (Highbeam Research, Inc., 2008). Wherever merengue came from, one thing is sure, that it evolved from something and became an integral part of the lives of the Dominicans. Merengue had gone through many problems before it was generally accepted as the national dance of the Dominican Republic. During the early 1900’s, the public was reluctant to accept it because of its nature; it has close links to African music and the lyrics were themed on sexual encounters and other socially taboo issues. It was only accepted by the masses after two important events. The first was during the American soldiers’ stay at the country from 1916 to 1924; the Dominicans slightly reduced the merengue’s tempo to allow the visitors to keep-up with the dance while maintaining their cultural identity. The second event was the former president Rafael Trujillo’s acceptance of merengue as the national symbol. This was due to the fact that Trujillo was born of a poor family and was prohibited from attending upper-class clubs, thus making merengue the status symbol of their class (Dominican Republic, 2005 and Salsa and Merengue Society, 1999). However, the vulgarity and sexual explicitness of the lyrics still produced oppositions until composer Luis Alberti was able to write a merengue with good lyrics entitled Compadre Pedro Juan which became identified as the merengue’s archetype. Since then, merengue has spread overseas through radio broadcasts and music recordings (Highbeam Research, Inc., 2008). Merengue Instruments The traditional merengue is composed of a three-piece band that includes a melodeon, an accordion-like instrument, a guira, a scraped cheese grater-looking percussion, and a tambora, a double-headed drum (Dominican Republic, 2005). The tambora is played by placing it horizontally across the thighs and hitting the right end with a stick and the left end with an open palm (Highbeam Research, Inc., 2008). However, the melodeon is not the initial instrument used for the harmony and melody; Dominican bandurrias, guitars, tres, cuatro and marimba, a wooden box with four to eight metal tongs that are plucked, are the ones initially used since they are the instruments owned by the common people (Tambora y Gà ¼ira, 1995). It is only when the Germans began to trade their accordions with the Dominicans’ tobacco that the accordion became a part of the merengue (IASO Records, Inc., 2008). It blended naturally with the merengue music and was helpful in making the sound cope up with the increasing audience size. Nevertheless, the one-row accordions of the Germans were later replaced by the saxophone due to the former’s inability to play sufficient major keys. The accordion was only able to come back when the two-row accordions were introduced (Salsa and Merengue Society, 1999). Up to the present, the music continues to evolve and adapt to the changes. Different instruments like trumpets, violin, flute, piano, electric and bass guitars, and bass drums are being used by different merengue musicians (Dominican Republic, 2005). Merengue Music There are several kinds of merengue music formed in the Dominican Republic and they differ only in their instrumentation. The most famous of which is the Merengue Cibaeà ±o, also known as Perico Ripiao and Merengue Tipico. It came from the El Cibao region of the country where merengue was first accepted and it is now considered as the â€Å"The cradle of merengue† (IASO Records, Inc., 2008). The name Perico Ripiao, which literally means ‘ripped parrot’, was derived from the wild country parties wherein, in the absence of other poultry birds, the parrot serves as the main dish. The local musicians who play at the said parties named their music after the dish (Grupofantasia). Merengue Cibaeà ±o’s musical structure has either two beats (2/4) or four beats (4/4) to the bar and uses the three traditional instruments in a manner wherein the tambora calls and the other two responds. This gives the merengue its signature and characteristic drive (Salsa and Merengue Society, 1999). The songs are normally composed in two sections. The first part is with a simple rhythm used to introduce the song’s lyrical and melodic content wherein the verses are just sung and improvisations are heard just at the end of the song lines. The second part is composed primarily of instrument improvisations wherein they play catchy riffs that help inspire and excite the dancers. Rhythms of the tipico merengue include the merengue derecho or the straight-ahead merengue which is the fast-paced merengue. The second rhythm is the pambiche or merengue apambichao which is slower and characterized by the dual strike rhythm of the tambora. The third rhythm is the guinchao which is a combination of the first two (IASO Records, Inc, 2008). Merengue Dance The merengue is a very easy dance and anybody, even with little training, could instantly dance it since the steps are made to be less complicated for beginners. Couples dancing the merengue vary from being too close such that only simple steps are done to being far apart such that there is space for turning combinations. It was said that the Dominicans prefer dancing further apart since they like to brag their fancy footwork. In addition, close body contact, for the Dominicans, are considered as pornographic and vulgar dance making them prefer dancing with a distance (Salsa and Merengue Society, 1999). The merengue dance is divided into three sections. The first is the paseo or promenade wherein couples walk slowly and talk with each other or with nearby couples. The second is the merengue which is first danceable part and is comprised of 16 or 32 repeated measures. The last is the jaleo which has four of eight measures and has a refrain that is repeated many tines. This is also the last danceable part of the music (Highbeam Research, Inc., 2008). Conclusion Merengue has been an integral part of the lives of the Dominicans. This could be attributed to the struggles of the merengue before it was fully accepted by the people. This made merengue more than their national dance, but also a way of expressing themselves. This attitude towards merengue made it appealing to other countries and enabled it to be accepted by them as another form of music and dance. The addiction with merengue was caught by other countries making merengue an international phenomenon. References Dominican Republic. (2005, October). Dominican Republic Music and Dance. Retrieved April 25, 2008 Grupofantasia. Merengue. Retrieved April 25, 2008 Highbeam Research, Inc. (2008). The infectious merengue.(history and influences of merengue music and dance). Retrieved April 25, 2008 Hispaniola. (2008). Music and Dance in the Dominican Republic. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/society_music.php IASO Records, Inc. (2008). Merengue: Popular Music of the Dominican Republic. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from http://www.iasorecords.com/merengue.cfm National Geographic Society. (2008). Dominican Republic. Retrieved April 25, 2008, Salsa and Merengue Society. (1999). Merengue: The Dance. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from http://www.salsa-merengue.co.uk/revealit/dancemer.html Salsa and Merengue Society. (1999). Merengue: The Music. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from http://www.salsa-merengue.co.uk/revealit/musicmer.html Tambora y Gà ¼ira. (1995, June ). Merengue History. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from http://www.mindspring.com/~adiascar/musica/merhst-e.htm How to cite The Dominican Republic’s Expression, Essay examples

Service Learning Essay Example

Service Learning Essay We had our Service Learning at Barangay Onyx in the city of Manila. We were required to have 8 hours in doing our Service Learning. In this service learning I’ve learned a lot, experience new things, and realize that I can do things that I didnt think that I can do it. The clean-up drive’s mission is to clean the neighborhood or the whole barangay. One of our objectives is that the community (barangay) will have a clean place to live in because technically that is the main purpose of us cleaning their community. The community that we selected must not know that we are students of St.Scholastica’s College manila. We are just there to clean the community and help them by doing the one that we chose to do which is the clean-up drive. In our 1st day there was unexpected incident that happened it was when the cleaning equipment’s were not enough for the seven of us. So, we decided to buy there in the nearest market that we can go. It was nice to see the seven o f us help each other out in cleaning the community because that is the only time that you can all of us working hard to helping out the community to have a clean environment.We mean of having a clean environment is to lessen the trash that is caused also by us the human beings. We must learned to do what is morally good that can benefit many people like throwing our own trashes in the right places the trash bins and not just throw it anywhere it may cause pollution to us and it may block drainage that may cause floods. We must think before we take actions because we must live in doing what is morally good and we human beings must act accordingly based on the concept on what it is to be a human being.In doing the service learning, we may experience hardships at first but when you realize that you’ve helped out a lot of people because of what you’ve done you’ll feel this â€Å"self-fulfillment† that we are talking about in our Philosophy class. As I’ m doing this paper I will relate some of my learning and realizations in our service learning to the topics that we discussed in our Philosophy class. In relation to our Philosophy subject, there were some topics that I can relate with our service learning like Karol Wojtylas concept of the person; it discusses the morally good action of the person that would lead into his/her self-fulfillment.Just like in doing our service learning we decided that we will be doing a clean-up drive in a barangay. In our first day we had four hours clean up drive in the barangay and the following week after that day we had another 4 hours of clean up drive to get 8 hours of doing the service. When we finished that 8 hours of required hours and when we saw the results of us cleaning the community, which was a clean community. We had a feeling of self-fulfillment that we realized and learned that we helped a community and we can really do something for others. Another is the moment of Efficacy, it disc uss about action proper to man.It explains that, a man should act to what is proper for a human being and not act as an animal or do something that is not appropriate for a man. Just like in our clean up drive, we should act properly as a human being. We should clean the neighborhood and do our task properly with no pretentions and do it with a pure heart. We should do it with our own will and intellect. We should follow first our intellect and followed by our will. The primary and secondary reflections, we are students of St. Scholasticas College so people think of us that we will not do such a thing like a clean-up drive.Some people look us only in our physical appearances, based on what school we are in. But they now I proved that they were all wrong because we experienced to really clean the whole neighborhood and there they can really say that we are not that they are thinking of us. Service learning is a good way of experiencing something new and learning something that school will not teach us that only based on our experiences we learned something new within us. This I’ve already experienced and learned a lot. It may be tiring but at the end of the day youll realize that you helped a community to have a clean and nice environment to live in.

Penguin Facts

Penguin Facts Penguins (Aptenodytes, Eudyptes, Eudyptula Pygoscelis, Spheniscus, and Megadyptes species, all in the Spheniscidae family) are perennially popular birds: chubby, tuxedo-clad creatures that waddle charmingly across the rocks and ice floes and belly flop into the sea. They are native to oceans in the southern hemisphere and in the Galapagos Islands. Fast Facts: Penguins Scientific Name: Aptenodytes, Eudyptes, Eudyptula Pygoscelis, Spheniscus, MegadyptesCommon Name: PenguinBasic Animal Group: Bird  Ã‚  Size: range from 17–48 inchesWeight: 3.3–30 poundsLifespan: 6–30 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Oceans in the southern hemisphere and the Galapagos IslandsConservation Status: Five species are listed as Endangered, five are Vulnerable, three are Near Threatened. Description Penguins are birds, and although they may not look like our other feathered friends, they are, indeed, feathered. Because they spend so much of their lives in the water, they keep their feathers slicked down and waterproofed. Penguins have a special oil gland, called a preen gland, that produces a steady supply of waterproofing oil. A penguin uses its beak to apply the substance to its feathers regularly. Their oiled feathers help keep them warm in the frigid waters, and also reduce drag when theyre swimming. Although penguins have wings, they cant fly at all. Their wings are flattened and tapered and look and function more like dolphin fins than bird wings. Penguins are efficient divers and swimmers, built like torpedoes, with wings designed for propelling their bodies through the water instead of air. Of all the recognized species of penguins, the largest is the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), which can grow to four feet in height and 50–100 pounds in weight. The smallest is the little penguin (Eudyptula minor) which grows to an average 17 inches in length and weighs about 3.3 pounds. Jurgen Christine Sohns/Getty Images Habitat Dont travel to Alaska if youre looking for penguins. There are 19 described species of penguins on the planet, and all but one of them lives below the equator. Despite the common misconception that all penguins live among the icebergs of the Antarctic, thats not true, either. Penguins live on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, including Africa, South America, and Australia. Most inhabit islands where they arent threatened by large predators. The only species that lives north of the equator is the Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), which, in line with its name, resides in the Galapagos Islands. Diet Most penguins feed on whatever they manage to catch while swimming and diving. Theyll eat any marine creature they can catch and swallow: fish, crabs, shrimp, squid, octopus, or krill. Like other birds, penguins dont have teeth and cant chew their food. Instead, they have fleshy, backward-pointing spines inside their mouths, and they use these to guide their prey down their throats. An average-sized penguin eats two pounds of seafood per day during the summer months. Krill, a small marine crustacean, is a particularly important part of the diet for young penguin chicks. One long-term study of the diet of gentoo penguins found that breeding success was directly related to how much krill they ate. Penguin parents forage for krill and fish at sea and then travel back to their chicks on land to regurgitate the food into their mouths. Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolphus) are specialist feeders; they depend on krill alone for their nutrition. Ger Bosma/Getty Images Behavior Most penguins swim between 4–7 mph underwater, but the zippy gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) can propel itself through the water at 22 mph. Penguins can dive hundreds of feet deep, and stay submerged for as long as 20 minutes. And they can launch themselves out of the water like porpoises to avoid predators below the surface or to return to the surface of the ice. Birds have hollow bones so theyre lighter in the air, but a penguins bones are thicker and heavier. Just as a SCUBA divers use weights to control their buoyancy, a penguin relies on its beefier bones to counteract its tendency to float. When they need to make a quick escape from the water, penguins release air bubbles trapped between their feathers to instantly decrease drag and increase speed. Their bodies are streamlined for speed in the water. Reproduction and Offspring Nearly all penguin species practice monogamy, meaning a male and female mate exclusively with each other for the breeding season. Some even remain partners for life. The male penguin usually finds itself a nice nesting site before attempting to court a female. Most species produce two eggs at a time, but emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri, the largest of all the penguins) raise just one chick at a time. The emperor penguin male takes sole responsibility for keeping their egg warm by holding it on his feet and under his folds of fat, while the female journeys to the sea for food. Penguin eggs are incubated between 65 and 75 days, and when they are ready to hatch, the chicks use their beaks to break the shell, a process which can take up to three days. Chicks  weigh about 5–7 ounces at birth.  When chicks are small, one adult remains with the nest while the other forages. The parent tends to the chicks, keeping them warm until their feathers develop in about 2 months, and feeding them regurgitated food, a period which varies between 55 and 120 days. Penguins reach sexual maturity between three and eight years of age. Sylvain Cordie/Getty Images Conservation Status Five species of penguins are already classified as endangered (Yellow-eyed, Galapagos, Erect Crested, African, and Northern Rockhopper), and most of the remaining species are vulnerable or near threatened, according to the International Union for Conservation of Natures Red List. The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is the most endangered species on the list.   Threats Scientists warn that penguins worldwide are threatened by climate change, and some species may soon disappear. Penguins rely on food sources that are sensitive to changes in ocean temperatures, and dependent on polar ice. As the planet warms, the sea ice melting season lasts longer, impacting krill populations and penguin habitat. Sources Barbraud, Christophe, and Henri Weimerskirch. Emperor Penguins and Climate Change. Nature 411.6834 (2001): 183–86. Print.BirdLife International. Spheniscus demersus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22697810A132604504, 2018.Bradford, Alina. Penguin Facts: Species Habitat. Live Science, September 22, 2014.Cole, Theresa L., et al. Ancient DNA of Crested Penguins: Testing for Temporal Genetic Shifts in the World’s Most Diverse Penguin Clade. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 131 (2019): 72–79. Print.Davis, Lloyd S. and John T. Darby (eds.). Penguin Biology. London: Elsevier, 2012.  Elliott, Kyle H., et al. High Flight Costs, but Low Dive Costs, in Auks Support the Biomechanical Hypothesis for Flightlessness in Penguins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.23 (2013): 9380–84. Print.Lynch, Heather J., William F. Fagan, and Ron Naveen. Population Trends and Reproductive Success at a Frequently Visited Penguin Colony on the Weste rn Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 33.4 (2010): 493–503. Print. Lynch, H. J., and M. A. LaRue. First Global Census of the Adà ©lie Penguin. The Auk: Ornithological Advances 131.4 (2014): 457–66. Print.Species Profile for African penguin (Spheniscus demersus). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, 2010.Threats to Penguins, Defenders of Wildlife.Waluda, Claire M., et al. Long-Term Variability in the Diet and Reproductive Performance of Penguins at Bird Island, South Georgia. Marine Biology 164.3 (2017): 39. Print.Waters, Hannah. 14 Fun Facts About Penguins. Smithsonian, April 25, 2013.

Kaplan MCAT Courses

Kaplan MCAT Courses If youve set your sights on mastering the MCAT before you register, then you know youll need to prepare for it with practice tests, books, apps, tutoring or MCAT courses. If taking a class has been on your mind, then youre in the right spot. Many test prep companies out there offer MCAT courses to help you master the skills, testing techniques and knowledge youll need for test day. Kaplan is one of those companies, but their programs are top-notch and their reputation is typically outstanding. Heres what Kaplan has to offer. Kaplan MCAT Courses Kaplan Test Prep is the largest test prep company out there, and with its size comes great products and test prep materials. The MCAT course options listed below, taught by one of Kaplans trained teachers, all come complete with the Kaplan Higher Score Guarantee: If youre not ready to take the MCAT, you can study with Kaplan again for free. Or, if for any reason youre dissatisfied with your score gain, you can study again for free. And, if you dont score higher on the MCAT at all, you can study with Kaplan for free or get your money back. MCAT Classroom: On Site The Kaplan On Site MCAT course is just as it states: youll take your classes in an actual classroom with an actual Kaplan teacher. Why is this good? Personal attention, of course, with an interactive setting. The classes and times will vary according to your exact location, but I typed in my zip code, and found nine classes available for enrollment in less than 15 miles from my location. At press time the cost was $1,999 or three payments of $666.33 Whats Included: 11,000 practice questions, in addition to MCAT Qbank custom quizzes19 full-length exams11 supplemental lessons online, with a live teacherOver 200 hours of MCAT instructionAccess to all AAMC exams, including the Self Assessment PackageA Mobile-enabled and optimized syllabus in MCAT prep MCAT Classroom: Anywhere The Kaplan Anywhere MCAT course is   for those of you whod like a teacher, but dont have the time to travel to a physical classroom. The classes are live, so you will have to boot up the old computer at a certain time to take the course, but there are literally scores of options for class times and days since you arent restricted to your zip code. At press time the cost was $1,999 or three payments of $666.33 Whats Included: 25 live, online classroom sessions led by expert instructors11,000 practice questions, in addition to MCAT Qbank custom quizzes19 full-length exams130 additional hours of on-demand video instructionAccess to all AAMC exams, including the Self Assessment Package MCAT On Demand The Kaplan On Demand MCAT course is designed for people with hectic schedules, who need to cram in some prep time whenever they can. Its available 24/7 because the lectures are not live like the Anywhere and On Site MCAT courses – theyre recorded. Watch them whenever youd like, as often as youd like, for as long as youd like. Pause and start over if you need to or watch the entire lecture again and again. At press time the cost was $1,833 or three payments of $633.00 Whats Included: 25 core lessons- and over 130 hours of total instruction-led by expert instructors11,000 practice questions and custom quizzes with Kaplans MCAT Qbank19 full-length examsAccess to all AAMC exams, including the Self Assessment Package Signing Up for Kaplans MCAT Courses If you like what you see with Kaplans MCAT courses, you can call 1-800-KAP-TEST to enroll, or you can head to Kaplans website to check availability and sign up online.

Discuss the activity in the laboratory that are designed to assure Assignment

Discuss the activity in the laboratory that are designed to assure Quality (Collection of specimen - Reporting ) - Assignment Example It is also important to collect the specimen with sterile instruments while preventing the specimen from coming into contact with any disinfectants (Stokes & Ridgeway 1980, p10). These precautions prevent the specimen from becoming contaminated while avoiding killing off any pathogens in the specimen. Lastly, there are specific procedures to be followed depending on the type of specimen being collected. Proper collection of specimens ensures that laboratory testing is accurate and safe. Once a specimen reaches the laboratory, thorough records must be kept for quality assurance and accuracy. It is especially important that care "should be taken to prevent reporting results on the wrong specimen and transposing digits in reporting quantitative data" (Kumari & Bhatia 2003, p160). The records must be detailed enough to determine any possible sources of error during testing. Keeping detailed and accurate records is essential for quality

Have technological developments undermined the truthful nature of Essay

Have technological developments undermined the truthful nature of photography or have they provided new creative possibilities - Essay Example In its earliest forms, due perhaps in large part to the fact that exposure times were lengthy as the technology was in its infancy, photography was used as a narrative form, but even this early in its history, technological developments were allowing for more creative expression than simply recording the ‘truthful’ image. â€Å"At the turn of the century [1900], a small group of serious photographers tried to rescue the art form from its low estate by turning their backs on the more blatant forms of narrative photography and its continued reliance on and subservience to painting. They sought a more independent poetic vision based on the camera lens and motivated by a concern with contemporary forms† (Brown, 1971: 31). Thus, while it might be said that â€Å"The new malleability of the image may eventually lead to a profound undermining of photography’s status as an inherently truthful pictorial form† (Ritchin, 1990: 28), the new technological develop ments offered to photography are merely the latest in a long line of photographic tools that can be used to explore new creative possibilities and/or provide truthful representation, based upon the decisions made by the photographer. At no point in its history can photography be said to have been limited to merely ‘true’ forms of capturing images. To understand this, it is first necessary to understand how the development of the digital camera is similar to the early development of the traditional camera and then to take a look at how each works to produce images which can be manipulated in various ways to arrive at an idea of ‘truth’. There is no doubt that the boom of available digital cameras and their immediate integration with desktop computers and other devices has been revolutionizing the photography industry. There are many physical advantages to going digital over more traditional methods. Although

The multiple emulsions

The multiple emulsions Introduction: Seifriz started his pioneering work about multiple emulsions since 1925, which is regarded as the fundamental knowledge in the later research. Multiple emulsions are complicated systems which are considered as emulsions of emulsions (Garti, 1996).In the outer continues phase, the droplets of the dispersed phase named as globules which contain even smaller dispersed droplets ,the globules are separated from each other in external continues phase by a layer of oil phase film. In the inner phase, the droplets are departed from each other by oil phase (Benichou et al. 2006). It is widely believed that there exist two primary types of multiple emulsions, one is water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions that an w/o emulsion is dispersed in another aqueous phase (W2) and the other is oil-in-water-in-oil (O1/W/O2) emulsions that an o/w emulsion is dispersed in another oil phase(O2). In the previous study, water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) multiple emulsions have accounted for a vital role in t he research of multiple emulsions , because the applications of W1/O/W2 multiple emulsions plays an important role in the food industry and it is also easier for us to select various of hydrophilic emulsifiers which are safe to health as stabilizers in preparation of multiple emulsions (Pays et al., 2002). As shown in Fig. 1, take water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions as an example, which are composed of three distinct phases : an internal aqueous phase (W1), which containing many aqueous soluble ingredients. Various internal aqueous droplets are encapsulated in an oil phase (O), which is included in external aqueous phase (W2) (Garti, 1996). Applications of multiple emulsions It is widely believed that the potential applications so numerous that the research in such promising area can bring beneficial effects, especially in products areas ,such as drug-delivery systems, cosmetics, and foods . Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions allow the encapsulation of active ingredients which have the ability to be soluble in the internal aqueous phase, thus it is possible to hide smell of some matter; remove toxic substance; or select appropriate conditions to realize controlled release of the active ingredients under certain process of emulsification. (Kanouni et al. 2002) On the basic of slow and sustained release of active ingredients from an internal reservoir into the external aqueous phase, the main function of double emulsions is regarded as an internal reservoir to entrap ingredients whatever you choose into the inner confined space, in order to protect against oxidation, light and enzymatic degradation. As a result, sensitive and active molecules can be protected from the external phase by the function of internal reservoir. In addition, because of the phenomenon of release of water or ingredients which can be observed in the experiments, the active ingredients will exist partly in the internal aqueous phase, partly in the oil phase and occasionally in the external phase(Benichou et al. 2004) .In the food industry, double emulsions provide some advantages because of their capability to encapsulate some water-soluble substances, such as flavours or active ingredients which are then slowly released from the internal compartments. Additionally, we should select food-grade additives which is soluble in the internal aqueous phase because the consumer products in food industry will be applied in our daily lives. Furthermore, as the development of needs in food quality, the production of low calorie and reduced fat products come into food market. (Muschiolik, 2007; Van der Graaf et al., 2005). In agrochemical industry, it has become incr easingly difficult for scientists to produce products, such as pesticides which are effectively and simultaneously friendly to the environment. According to ElShafei et al. (2009), the idea of multiple emulsions has been successfully applied to the agriculture products and the multiple emulsions are relatively stable even on storage at room temperature and 4 ?for 30 days. As government increasingly pay attention to the safe and environmentally friendly products, the research in this orientation has draw publics attention. Till now, no pharmaceutical multiple emulsions have been brought to the market, because potential emulsifiers used in multiple emulsions are only available in cosmetic grade but not be applied in pharmaceutical grade. (Schmidts et al., 2009 ) In cosmetic area, the possibility of combining incompatible substances in products in order to offer more favorable functions. (Vasiljevic et al., 2005) multiple emulsions also have the potential to change the commonly oily feel of hand-cream to aqueous texture. The advance of products of cosmetics has brought out more space to develop in order to get more profits. (Kanouni et al., 2002) Methods of preparation: Scientists have done some research in multiple emulsions as the applications provide us more convenience and bring better consumer products in many areas. Because double emulsions have more complex structure and are even more thermodynamically unstable than single emulsions, they prone to be difficult to prepare, especially on an industrial scale. The difficulties of preparation of multiple emulsions have draw scientists attention, so many research have been pour into this area. In general, there exist single -step and two -step emulsification methods to prepare multiple emulsions (Allouche et al., 2003). Due to a multiple emulsion is considered as a mesophase between O/W and W/O emulsion, the one-step method of preparation means a combination of the two different types of emulsions and surfactant phase, which is very difficult to control. So, such method will not be chosen in the preparation (Matsumoto, 1987; Mulley and marland, 1980). On the basic of previous study, the two-step emulsification process is considered as the most common and better controlled method. First of all, W1/O emulsions are much easier to prepare and it is also easy to control various characteristics in these emulsions as the parameters in them are relatively limited . Secondly, in the second step, it is widely believed that the complex structure and variable quantities result in relatively difficult to control or regulate. Many methods have been commonly used to improve the preparation of multiple emulsions, adding suitable emulsifiers is regarded as one of the most significant one. In general, two kinds of emulsifiers are introduced to add in the preparation of multiple emulsions as the difference of their functions. Because of the different affinity of the emulsifiers, hydrophobic emulsifier Emulsifier I which is used in the oil phase and hydrophilic emulsifier Emulsifier II which is used in the external aqueous phase (Garti, 1996). The hydrophobic emulsifier is designed to stabilize the interface of the W1/O internal emulsion and the hydrophilic emulsifier acts as stabilizer at the external interface of W1/O/W2 emulsion. The main function of emulsifiers is enhancing the stability of multiple emulsions in the preparation and even the long-time storage. The process of two-step preparation is shown in Fig.2. In the first step, the primary W/O emulsion is prepared under high-shear conditions (homogenization) to obtain small droplets, whereas the second step is carried out with less shear in order to avoid rupturing the internal droplets because the second step i s much difficult to control than the first step (van der Graaf et al., 2004). On the basic of Kanouni et al., (2002)s earlier work, in the first step, they usually use an Ultra-Turrax mixer with a relatively high speed to prepare a W1/O emulsion which is a combination of internal aqueous phase and an appropriate oil phase with suitable low HLB emulsifier; in the second step, the W1/O/W2 multiple emulsions will be produced by adding proper high HLB emulsifiers using Ultra-Turrax mixer or mechanical agitator with relatively smaller rotation speed. In the previous study, stirring apparatuses, rotor-stator systems and high pressure homogenizers are considered as the most commonly and conventional emulsification devices (Schubert and Armbruster, 1992).As shown in table 1. the functions and disadvantages has been tabulated. There are several drawbacks in such existing methods of production ( Williams et al.,1998). First of all, it is not easy for us to control the droplet size and droplet size distribution of the final multiple emulsions products. Secondly, it is difficult to scale up because different classes of the products are generated per batch on the same manufacture conditions, which contribute to one of the main factors why such products can not be applied in the industry. Moreover,van der Graaf et al. (2005) illustrate that conventional methods are not feasible in preparation of double emulsions, because high-shear stresses can result in rupture of the internal emulsions which should be avoided in the secondary emulsification (van der Graaf et al., 2005) Different kinds of emulsification devices can generate various multiple emulsions with different conditions, such as droplet size, encapsulation efficiency, release rate, and so on. What has interested the scientists most recently is researching novel approaches to improve the emulsification equipment in order to generate more stable and ideal multiple emulsions. Much attention has been put in the improvement of the second step by using various pieces of equipment and novel method. Nakashima et al. (1991) points out that membrane emulsification is widely accepted as one of the new method for the production of emulsions recently( Nakashima et al., 1991). This technique is increasingly attracted because of its low energy consumption, the better control of droplet size and droplet size distribution and especially the mildness of the process, especially suitable to be used in the second step to prevent rupture of the double emulsion droplets (van der Graaf et al., 2005). Joscelyne and Tragardh (1998) demonstrate that it is favourable to prepare small droplets when the conditions are higher concentrations of emulsifiers, high wall shear stress through a membrane with small pore size. As shown in Fig.3. because of the mild conditions in the process of membrane emulsification, it is easier to produce small size droplets and protect the multiple emulsions from membrane rupture, especially useful in the second step of emulsification. The system chosen ceramic membranes of different average pore size to prepare relative small droplets in multiple emulsions because such kinds of emulsions more stable. Membrane technology can be applied to the many productions, such as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions t, UHT products and so on (Joscelyne and Tragardh 1998) .However, low flux of the dispersed phase is the main and visible drawback of membrane emulsification (Charcosset et al., 2004),which is caused by the properties of membranes with a low hydraulic . In general, two methods are commonly introduced in membrane emulsification: cross-flow membrane emulsification and pre-mix membrane emulsification (Suzuki et al., 1998). Take pre-mix membrane emulsification as an example, as shown in Fig.4. the most significant advantages of such method is it can provide high flux, which can improve the membrane emulsification process. Various novel methods have been reported to improve the disadvantage of membrane emulsification. (Gijsbertsen-Abrahamse et al., 2004) for example, with the advance in nano- and micro engineering, it is possible to produce membranes with a low hydraulic resistance named microsieves. (Van Rijn et al., 2005) Microsieves, inorganic membranes, which can offer a very thin selective layer, high controlled pore size and shape, and smooth surfaces. As shown in Fig.5., SEM images of pore morphology of a silicon nitride microsieve surface. Microsieve membranes contribute to flux decline in crossflow filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. (Giron`es et al.,2006) According to Shnji Sugiura et al., (2003), monodispersed multiple emulsions which are good at providing relatively stable conditions are regularly applied in industries and basic studies, on the basic of easier observation, monodispersed emulsions are regarded as an effective approach in determining the resistance to coalescence of an emulsion, and in observing how the active matter go through the oil film by diffusion. (Sugiura et al., 2003) Furthermore, a microfabricated channel array has been pointed out as a promising method for preparing monodisperse emulsion droplets (Kawakatsu et al., 1997). This type of emulsification technique is called microchannel (MC) emulsification, which is regarded as a novel method for preparing monodisperse emulsions. Owning to the advantages of this technique, it is a promising technique to improve the stability of multiple emulsions. (Kawakatsu et al., 2001; Sugiura et al., 2001 ). Nakagawa et al.(2004) suggest that monodisperse surfactant-free mic rocapsules can be produced by MC emulsification using gelatin. Of course, this technique need further study to improve its low production rate. Improvements in stability of multiple emulsions In practice, significant problems may arise, not only the thermodynamic instability of emulsions, but also many destabilization phenomenon, such as flocculation, coalescence and creaming, have contribute to the unstable emulsions (Vasiljevic et al., 2005). In order to protect the emulsions from the formation of flocculation or coalescence, two methods have been introduced to protect the droplets from each other, one is increasing viscosity of the external phase, the other is energy barrier. The DLVO theory is commonly applied to explain colloidal stability. when the distance between two colloid particles is increasing from small to large, the resulting potential is rage from negative to positive because the existence of attraction potential and repulsion potential ( Friberg, 1997). Various factors may have an effect on the stability of multiple emulsions, including the method of preparation, the oil type, type and concentration of the emulsifier and so on (Vasiljevic et ,al. 2005). On the basic of fundamentally experimental data, we choose the relatively suitable and effective conditions to prepare multiple emulsions. Many research have been put into how to improve the stability of multiple emulsions because thermodynamically unstable multiple emulsions not only exist in the process of preparation ,but also occur during storage or on exposure to environmental stresses such as mechanical forces, thermal processing, freezing or dehydration. On the basic of developed techniques, we can observe or measure the leakage of the inner aqueous phase(W1) in the outer phase and destabilization properties of the emulsions. There are four mechanisms explaining the instability of W1/O/W2 multiple emulsions: (1) the instability comes from the inner aqueous droplets because of coalescence; (2) the instability comes from the oil droplets because of coalescence; (3) rupture of the oil film (4) transport of water and ingredients through the oil layer (Appelqvist et al., 2007,; Florence and Whithill,1981; der Graaf et al., 2005). In the real conditions, there may exist more than one mechanism in the multiple emulsions, different results to different situations. The determining of primary mechanisms exist in certain multiple emulsions should dependent on the experimental data and convincing analysis. What should we do is research more reasonable methods to solve the problem of thermodynamically unstablity in multiple emulsions. Three kinds of approach aiming at improving stabilization and slow solute release have been list as follows (Davis et al., 1985) : (1) stabilization of the inner W1/O emulsion, for example, the addition of various emulsifier combinations (Apenten and Zhu, 1996; Shima et al., 2004; Su et al., 2006); (2) stabilization of oil phase by choosing suitable oil type and the addition of proper carriers, complexants and viscosity builders, for instance, the solidification of the oil phase and the modification of the solubility and polarity of the oil phase to make it less water soluble (Tedajo et al., 2001); (3) stabilization of the external aqueous phase, such as increasing the viscosity of the outer aqueous phase (-zer, et al., 2000). Although many strategies have been categorized above, a majority of them are not suitable to apply in food industry because they are not easily scaled up in industry or they include not food- grade ingredients entrapped in multiple emulsions, which may make a bad influence on human health. So, there exists numerous space for us to research in the methods of improving the stability of multiple emulsions. (ORegan and Mulvihill, 2009) In general, many factors contribute to the improvement of stability of multiple emulsions as some research have deeply determined the main causes of thermal unstable phenomenon and flocculation, coalescence and creaming phenomenon. The nature and internal properties of surfactants or emulsifiers play a vital role in solving problem. Stability of multiple (Opawale, et al., 1998) emulsions has been shown to be dependent on emulsifier interfacial film strength, ionic strength, various additives, and concentration. According to Vasiljevic et al. (2005), when the concentration of emulsifier in oil phase is higher, the multiple emulsions will have lower droplet size, higher viscosity and elastic characteristics. Moreover, changing the concentration of surfactants, results in the difference of the amount of retinol released from silica particles. In addition, different polymers which are added into the aqueous phase, the encapsulation efficiency of retinol was also changed (Hwang et al., 2005). The process of multiple emulsion formation and various destabilization processes can be determined by video microscopy (Ficheux et al., 1998). A unique dimpled structure is a signal to show the deformation of the multiple droplets and coalescence of the internal dispersed phase by coverslip pressure. If the multiple emulsions po ssess relatively high stability, then such structure come out for long-time observed in the presence of adequate concentrations of surfactants and additives. So, Formation of the dimple structure is linked with interfacial film strength and long-term multiple emulsion stability (Jiao et al., 2002). The long-term stability of the double emulsion requires a balance between the Laplace and osmotic pressures among droplets in W1, because a stable W1/O emulsion is a fundamental and significant step in order to prepare a stable W1/O/W2 double emulsion. Garti (1996) illustrate the concept of weighted hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) is important because the value is linked with the droplet size, the number of W1 dispersed in inner phase and the stability of the W/O/W multiple emulsions. Such properties are so significant in preparing relatively stable multiple emulsions that the weighted HLB value is considered as a potential reference to select the optimal type of emulsifiers in forming multiple emulsions. In the first step of preparation, HLB(I) stands for the HLB value of the hydrophobic emulsifier, CI means the weight percentage of the hydrophobic emulsifier in the fundamental W1/O emulsion, In the second step of preparation, HLB(II) stands for the HLB value of the hydrophilic emulsifier, and CII means the weight percentage of the hydrophilic emulsifier in the W1/O/W2 multiple emulsion It was observed that using a combination of an amphoteric high HLB surfactant and an anionic surfactant can prepare a stable system(Kanouni et al., 2002). The inner phase is demonstrated to be better stabilized by minimizing the size of droplets and forming microemulsion droplets or microsphere particles, or applying more potential surfactants in order to seal the active ingredients in the interface (ORegan and Mulvihill, 2009). Choosing of optimal surfactants has made a positive effect on controlling particle size in multiple emulsions. Sepideh Khoee and Morteza Yaghoobian (2008) propose that the mean diameters of nanocapsules containing penicillin-G are linked with the properties of surfactants. that is to say, the different types or content of surfactant used in formation of multiple emulsions can result in different droplets size. N. Heldt et al. (2000) point put that changing the ratio of lecithin/SXS make an effect on the average size of the corresponding vesicles in the oil-wa ter emulsion. In addition, egg lecithin considered as hydrophobic substance, sodium xylenesulfonate (SXS) acts as the hydrophilic matter. As the ratio goes up, the average vesicle size increases correspondingly. Stability can be improved by offering suitable stabilizer because the surfactants act as film former and barrier to the release at internal interface(Khoee and Yaghoobian, 2008). Two charged biopolymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and enzymatic modified pectins, interacted in aqueous solution to form a charge-charge complex which acts as a hydrophilic polymeric steric stabilizer improving the multiple emulsion stability .Regulating the conditions to get the result of most relatively stable condition. For example, as pH can determin the size of the complex ,when pH =6, the most stable double emulsion are gained because of the smallest droplet size, the lowest creaming, highest yield, and minimized water transport(Lutz et al., 2009). Henry et al. (2009) have studied six emulsifiers in their experiments, it is shown that as the amount of emulsifier increased, the phenomenon of coalescence occurs go down. Furthermore, droplet size is dependent on both break-up and re-coalescence events in emulsification, for example, when the surfactant concentration is lower, the droplet size is prone to a result of multiple break-up events. It is shown in the results of experiments that the frequency of droplet coalescence is decreased to a minimum as the process of preparation is under an optimal surfactant concentration, which balances the formation of the smaller possible droplets and relatively stable in preparation and long time storage. On the basic of experimental results which is analyzed by equilibrium phase diagram as well as observed through polarization microscopy, Yihan Liu et al. (2009) have got the conclusion that certain type of multiple emulsions which a liquid crystal can be formed by the surfactant with water are more stable compared to counterparts with no liquid crystals exist in the surfactant but prepared in the same condition(Liu and Friberg, 2009). Garti and Aserin (1996) propose that macromolecules together with monomeric surfactants can be served as steric stabilizers to improve the stability of multiple emulsions. The synthetic polymeric surfactants are ideal interfacial barrier to improve thermodynamic stability and entrapment, which is very helpful in reducing release rate of entrapped additives,and preparing smaller double emulsions with long-time stability. Take WPI-polysaccharide conjugates as an example, compared with monomeric surfactants used only, the application of polymeric emulsifiers results in better encapsulation and controlled release of addenda (Benichou et al., 2006). Transport mechanism in multiple emulsions Various kinds of possible mechanisms have been illustrated to interpret how the substances transport through the oil phase. Oil soluble substances just transport through the oil phase by diffusion which is served as controlled mechanism. Many factors contribute to the transport rate, such as the properties of oil phase, the nature of ingredients, and the conditions of aqueous phase (Chang et al., 1987) .In the previous study, it is found that water and water soluble substance can easily migrate through the oil phase. Kita et al. (1977) demonstrate that two possible mechanism can be applied to interpret the phenomenon of transportation: (1) reverse micelle transport; (2) diffusion across a very thin lamella. Cheng et al. (2006) demonstrate that both Cl- and Ag+ can transport through a thick oil film through observing and measuring the formation of AgCl precipitate in the W1/O/W2 multiple emulsion. Ions can not transport through the oil film which is very thin (

Legalization Of Illegal Drugs

There are simply no positive reasons to criminals any illegal drugs and plan to show you why. The fact that keeping the same laws on drugs won't change anything is a pretty basic concept. To put it another way, people already take drugs and if we don't change anything people will continue to take drugs, get addicted and potentially commit any crime from petty thievery to murder. That may seem an exaggeration, but a report back in 2003 from the Joseph Renowned Foundation found that 50% of people in custody and awaiting trial admitted they were dependent on a drug.Given that the Scottish Social Attitudes survey of 2009 found an increase of 6% from 2001 (41% to 47%) in Scottish adults close to someone who has used illegal drugs, it would be safe to assume this figure has also risen. So, with it now established that people take drugs despite it being against the law, we need to try and make drug consumption more structured, more stable and ultimately safer. As production is illegal, the drug trade lacks all health and safety restraints put on other legitimate markets such as quality control and warning labels.Therefore if someone decides they want to sample cannabis, et their weekly heroin fix or even buy some cocaine for a night in as if it were a box of Principles, they have almost literally no idea what they are buying from a drug dealer. The value is so high that drugs are often diluted with similar looking substances thus leaving consumers with drugs like heroin that's only 3 to 6% pure. This opens up a whole host of other problems- if you're used to a 3% intake of heroin and your drug dealer changes to a 6% you've unknowingly doubled your intake.In a system of controlled legalization (that I will detail later) these problems and a few others become history. Don't take drugs. You (hopefully! ) don't take drugs. Yet despite this we are both still at risk from drug related crimes and street violence related either directly or indirectly to drug use. Due to the i llegality of drugs the supply and manufacture is obviously limited, meaning the price rises. As an example, a kilogram of cocaine worth $3000 in Colombia (where cocaine is legal) sold at retail price in the USA for $300,000.This type of money isn't obtainable through legitimate means for most ordinary people, especially when they become addicted and have to keep coming back for more. Therefore they turn to crime, whether organized or not. These people steal whatever they can to fund their habit and depending on the severity of their addiction could end up killing in order to try and collect funds. This puts completely uninvolved members of the general public, like you and me, at risk and means any one could be harmed by the drug trade. As well as that, those purchasing the drugs legitimately or not find themselves in completely unnecessary danger.The drugs or so valuable they became targets for theft and assault. This is another thing that can be avoided by the controlled legalizati on will outline soon, as prices will collapse and with it the need to teal or commit other crime to obtain drugs. I've mentioned it a few times, and it's now time for me to outline what I mean by controlled legalization and the positives think it would bring to our country. Drug consumption rooms are a very successful method of controlled legalization that is growing in popularity in Europe.Consumption rooms in Copenhagen, Denmark Consumption rooms allow people who want to take drugs to inject them under supervision and in a safe environment. In the Danish rooms, despite over 1 00 overdoses there has not been a single death to date. The major positive is the government can now control drug use. An alternative to drug consumption would be a more full and dramatic method of controlled legalization. Legalize all aspects Of the trade surrounding a particular drug, but in doing so create strict controls on manufacturing and sale, not unlike the current prescription system.Starting with t he likes of Cannabis and Cocaine and if this is successful soon moving on to harder and more serious drugs. Lord Sugar is one well known businessman and role model who supports this. In his Autobiography he talks of selling Cocaine and Cannabis in small sachets in pharmacies for just E, with around El tax on each. As well creating safer drug use, being rid of dealers and cartels it also creates more money which the government could then spend on genuine issues like poverty and education.Who knows, if people are educated better and grow up in nicer environments they may not even turn to drugs in the first place. As means of a summary of all this, if we want to improve our drug culture and the way they are treated here then something needs to change. Personally I lean towards full controlled legalization, in the form of selling drugs to over ass through pharmacies in a controlled, stable and educated way, but I see he merits of consumption rooms and would be for their use in the UK.

Sarojini Naidu Life Biography - 961 Words

Sarojini Naidu: Life Biography: Sarojini Naidu, nicknamed Bharatiya Kokila ,The Nightingale of India, was the first woman president of the of the India National Congress, and she was the first woman to become an appointed governess of a state, Uttar Pradesh, in India. She was born in Hyderabad, India on February 13, 1879. Sarojini was raised by her father, Aghoranath Chattopadhyaya, and her mother, Barada Sundari Devi. She was the oldest amongst eight other siblings. Her mother was a poetess and her father was a scientist and a philosopher, as well as the founder of the college Sarojini first attended, the Nizam College. At Nizam, she was awarded a scholarship for her play Maher Muneer, which extended her education to study abroad. The†¦show more content†¦She had also taken part in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement, where she had been jailed along with other leaders. In her participation of the movements she opened the eyes of the women of India. She took them out of t he old-ages where they stayed at home and cooked in the kitchen. She helped fight for women s rights, and regained the individual self-esteem of India s women. Sarojini had become an icon for India by the time her life ended in Lucknow, India on March 2, 1949. She had become a distinguished poet, an activist for women s rights, as well as one of the best political speakers for India of all-time. Life: Sarojini s poem Life defines what life truly is after the bliss of ignorance one experiences as a child. She begins by explaining that a child s perception of life is a lovely stalactite of dreams, which symbolizes a child s natural expectation that everything they want or need will be handed to them from their parents or guardians. Like the dripping of the stalactite, a parent drips money and time into a child s future by providing their needs and wants for them. Sarojini then continues by calling life as seen by a child a carnival of careless joys, similar to when a child receives a new colorful toy, but it is soon forgotten by other new things they receive. In the end of her description of a child s view of life, she says About your hearts like billows on the deep, in flames of amberShow MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience And Its Effect On Society998 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign cloth, picketing of liquor shops, and rent withholding. Other issues came to the fore in the campaign as w ell, such as Hindu-Muslim unity and an attack on the caste system (Kurtz).† Gandhi was imprisoned for almost year. During that time Sarojini Naidu took over the protest with an iron fist. When Gandhi was released he signed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and ended the march. The Pact declared peace between the Indians and British. The pact did not make Gandhi’s minimum requirements though. The marchRead MoreRole of Women in India Freedom5428 Words   |  22 PagesLakshmibai Biography......... The first name that comes to mind is that of the famous Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi. Dressed in men’s clothes, she led her soldiers to war against the British. Even her enemies admired her courage and daring. She fought valiantly and although beaten she refused to surrender and fell as a warrior should, fighting the enemy to the last. Her remarkable courage inspired many men and women in India to rise against the alien rule. ....Jhansi Ki Rani Lakshmibai Biography.......Read MoreGandhi vs Genghis Khan2439 Words   |  10 Pagesthe west coast, there to prepare salt in symbolic violation of British law. These were populist movements in which people from all classes and all parts of India participated with great fervour. Women too, played an active role in the struggle. Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali and Bhikaji Cama, to name but a few, inspired millions of others to take the first step on the road to emancipation and equality. In August 1942, the Quit India movement was launched. I want freedom immediately, this very nightRead MoreQuaid E Azam7455 Words   |  30 Pagesafter Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 1.1 Years in England 1.2 Western influences on personal life 1.3 Return to India 2 Early political career 3 Fourteen points 4 Leader of the Muslim League 5 Founding of Pakistan 6 Jinnahs vision for Pakistan 7 Governor-General 8 Illness and death 9 Legacy 10 Criticism 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links [edit]Early life Jinnah in his youth, in traditional dress. Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai (Gujarati:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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